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What is Chronic Lung Disease?

Chronic Lung Disease can include a few different diagnoses that affect the lungs in different ways. You may have been diagnosed with:

  • Asthma
  • COPD also known as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
    • Emphysema
    • Chronic Bronchitis
  • Pulmonary Fibrosis
  • Pulmonary Hypertension

Each of these diagnoses can impact your quality of life. By understanding the unique symptoms, treatments, and methods to manage these diseases, you can greatly improve your outcomes and meet your personal goals.

What are the symptoms associated with Chronic Lung Disease?
  • Shortness of breath
  • Wheezing
  • Frequent coughing with or without phlegm or mucus
  • Chest tightness
  • Frequent respiratory infections
What is Asthma?

Asthma is a chronic disease that makes it hard to breathe by narrowing and swelling your airway and producing extra secretions. It is common to hear wheezing with asthma with difficulty breathing. Asthma can come on quickly and vary in severity from minor discomfort to a life-threatening attack requiring emergency intervention. (4)

Although asthma cannot be cured, understanding triggers, taking prescribed medications, and working with your doctors closely can greatly improve asthma management. (4)

What is COPD?

COPD is Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. This disease makes it difficult to breathe due to chronic inflammation in the lungs blocking airflow. It is common to have difficulty breathing, have a cough with mucus, and have wheezing. Emphysema and Chronic Bronchitis are the two main causes of airway blockage in COPD. (5)

Emphysema occurs when the tiny branches of the lungs are damaged due to exposure to lung irritants like smoke. (5) Chronic Bronchitis occurs when the branches of the airway that carry air to the lungs become inflamed and lined with mucus making it difficult to breathe. (5) The combination of Emphysema and Chronic Bronchitis greatly impacts a person’s ability to breathe.

What are the complications associated with COPD?

Having COPD can increase your risk of the following: (5)

  • Heart disease
  • Lung cancer
  • Depression
  • Respiratory infections
  • Pulmonary Hypertension (high blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs)
How is COPD treated?

Medical management of COPD can include a variety of treatments based on your doctor’s assessment and your symptoms. Some common treatment options can include: (5)

  • Medications that can relieve shortness of breath by reducing inflammation and relaxing the airway muscles
  • Oxygen therapy
  • Practicing pursed lip breathing
  • Practicing energy conservation
  • Pulmonary rehabilitation
What is Pulmonary Fibrosis?

Pulmonary Fibrosis is a lung disease that causes inflammation and scarring to the tiny air sacs in the lungs. The thickened, stiff lung tissue makes it hard for the lungs to take in oxygen. (6) In addition to shortness of breath, dry cough, and fatigue, pulmonary fibrosis symptoms can include unintended weight loss, muscle and joint aching, and rounding of the fingers and toes called clubbing. (6)

How is Pulmonary Fibrosis treated?

Medical management of Pulmonary Fibrosis can include a variety of treatments based on your doctor’s assessment and your symptoms. Some common treatment options can include: (6)

  • Medications to slow the progression of the disease
  • Oxygen therapy
  • Pulmonary rehabilitation
  • Praticing energy conservation
  • Lung transplant
What is Pulmonary Hypertension?

Pulmonary hypertension can have unique symptoms that include: (7)

  • Swelling in the legs, ankles, and stomach area
  • Fast or pounding heartrate
  • Chest pain or chest pressure
  • Fatigue and tiredness
  • Dizziness
  • Grey or blue skin color due to lack of oxygen
  • Shortness of breath

Pulmonary hypertension is high blood pressure that specifically targets the arteries in your lungs and heart. The blood vessels can narrow or become blocked affecting the blood flow through the lungs. This can make the heart work harder to circulate blood. The heart can begin to become weaker over time due to this condition. (7)

How is Pulmonary Hypertension treated?

Medical management of Pulmonary Hypertension can include a variety of treatments based on your doctor’s assessment and your symptoms. Some common treatment options can include: (7)

  • Medications
    • that can relax blood vessels, lower pressures, and increase blood flow.
    • that can help the hreat beat stronger.
    • that can control fluid buildup
  • Oxygen
  • Practicing energy conservation
  • Surgery
What are some Self-Management activities that can positively impact Chronic Lung Disease?
  • Eating a healthy diet with limited salt intake.
  • Practicing frequent hand washing.
  • Staying as active as your health condition will allow.
  • Practicing energy conservation techniques.
  • Practicing pursed lip breathing when indicated.
  • Avoiding smoke and lung irritants.
  • Avoiding exposure to high altitudes. High altitudes make it more difficult to breathe.
  • Keeping doctor's appointments with regular follow-ups.
  • Getting vaccinated as directed by your doctor.
  • Finding support to help manage stress and copiung with chronic illness.
When a Low Sodium Diet is recommended.

A low sodium diet limits salt intake. Excess salt can cause fluid retention in your body. This has an immediate impact on your heart’s ability to pump. Salt makes it harder for your heart to pump the extra fluids in your body. Removing excess salt from your diet can improve shortness of breath by reducing the fluid buildup in the body.

Educate yourself on the salt in your diet. Many foods have hidden salt that can negatively impact your condition. Click here for more information on a healthy heart diet that limits excess salt. (1)

Practicing Pursed Lip Breathing

Specific breathing techniques can greatly manage the shortness of breath that occurs with COPD.

To perform pursed lip breathing practice the following steps:

  1. Breathe in through your nose slowly. Take a normal breath.
  2. Pucker your lips. (like you are blowing out a candle)
  3. Breathe out very slowly through the puckered lips.
  4. Aim to breathe out slowly over 4-6 seconds.
  5. Repeat.

When you practice pursed lip breathing you control your shortness of breath by breathing slowly and deeply. This technique also releases trapped air helping you take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide more efficiently.

Practicing Energy Conservation

Plan

  • Pace yourself - Don't Rush
  • Allow extra time for simple tasks
  • Plan rest periods

Stay Organized

  • Gather commonly used items before starting a task
  • Keep things within reach

Keep it Simple

  • Prioritize what is most important
  • Simplify a task or do it less often
  • Ask for help
  • Sit when possible

Common Examples of Energy Conservation:

Some common examples of energy conservation that can positively impact your day:

  • Sit when taking a shower
  • Put a robe on after your shower and sit. Don’t dry off immediately. Allow time for rest.
  • Keep plates, napkins, and utensils on the counter. This requires less energy when getting meals.
  • Wear clothing that is easy to put on and take off. Use clothes and shoes with Velcro instead of buttons or laces. (5)

The most important energy conservation step is to listen to your body! Rest, Plan for Rest Times, and Rest Often.
Questions to Ask the Doctor

Understanding your diagnosis can provide you with information to make the best decisions for your health and quality of life. Here are some suggestions to ask your doctor with your next visit:

  • What are the most important things I can do to help me manage my chronic lung disease?
  • What symptoms should i report to you?
  • How serious is my condition?
  • Is my chronic lung disease affecting any other conditions?
  • What are my goals for living with chronic lung disease?
Resources

These resources and tools can help you stay healthy while managing Chronic Lung Disease.

Low Sodium Diet: American Heart Association Low Sodium Diet Education can be found here. (1)

How to perform pursed lip breathing: Click here for more education on breathing techniques (3)

References

  1. American Heart Association. (2024, 6 28). Avoid Hidden Sources of Sodium. Retrieved from American Heart Association: https://pdf.staywell.com/DS-19081_HF_Hidden_Sodium_03kk_AC.pdf
  2. Hall, C. (2024, 6 28). Occupational Therapy ToolKit. Retrieved from Energy Conservation and Your OT Patient: https://www.ottoolkit.com/blog/energy-conservation-and-your-ot-patient/
  3. John Hopkins Medicine. (2024, 6 28). Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Breathlessness Clinic. Retrieved from John Hopkins Medicine: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/breathlessness-clinic/breathing-techniques#:~:text=Pursed%20Lip%20Breathing&text=You%20don't%20need%20to,helpful%20to%20count%20to%20yourself
  4. Mayo Clinic. (2024, 6 28). Asthma. Retrieved from Mayo Clinic: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/asthma/symptoms-causes/syc-20369653
  5. Mayo Clinic. (2024, 6 28). COPD. Retrieved from Mayo Clinic: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/copd/symptoms-causes/syc-20353679
  6. Mayo Clinic. (2024, 6 28). Pulmonary Fibrosis. Retrieved from Mayo Clinic: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pulmonary-fibrosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20353690
  7. Mayo Clinic. (2024, 6 28). Pulmonary Hypertension. Retrieved from Mayo Clinic: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pulmonary-hypertension/symptoms-causes/syc-20350697
  8. St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton. (2024, 6 28). Energy Conservation. Retrieved from St. Joseph's Healcare Hamilton: https://www.stjoes.ca/patients-visitors/patient-education/a-e/PD%208278%20Energy%20Conservation.pdf